Type Conversion:
§ The
process of converting the value of one data type (integer, string, float, etc.)
to
another data type is called type conversion. Python has two types of type
conversion.
1. Implicit
Type Conversion2. Explicit Type Conversion
Explicit Type
Conversion:
§ In Explicit Type Conversion, users convert the
data type of an object to required data type. We use the predefined functions
like int(), float(), str(), etc to perform explicit type
conversion.
·
int()
·
float()
·
complex()
·
bool()
·
str()
int()
§ By
using this function, we can convert values from other types to int
print(int(123.456)) #output
will be 123
print(int(True)) #output will be 1
print(int(False)) #output will be 0
print(int(“10”)) #output will be 10
print(int(10+20j))
print(int(10+20j))
TypeError: can't convert complex to intNote:-
§ when we are trying to convert string value into int type compulsory string value
should be int type with base 10.
print(int("10.2"))
print(int("10.2"))
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with
base 10: '10.2'
print(int("0B111"))
print(int("0B111"))
ValueError: invalid literal for int () with
base 10: '0B111'Note:
§ We can convert from any type to int except complex type.
float():
§ By
using this function, we can convert values from other types to float.
print(float(10)) #output will be 10.0
print(float(True))
#output will be 1.0
print(float(False)) #output
will be 0.0
§ Whenever we are trying to convert str type to float type compulsory str should
be either integral or floating-point literal and should be specified only in base-10.
print(float("10")) #output
will be 10.0
print(float("10.1")) #output
will be 10.1
print(float("ten"))
print(float("ten"))
ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'ten'
print( float(0B111)) #output
will be 7.0
print( float("0B111"))
print( float("0B111"))
ValueError: could not convert string to float: '0B111'
Note:-
|- We can convert any type to float except
to complex type.
complex():
|- Other Types to complx type.
Form-1:
complex(x)==>x+0j
print(complex(10)) #output will be (10+0j)
print(complex(10.5)) #output
will be (10.5+0j)
print(complex(True)) #output
will be (1+0j)
print(complex(False)) #output
will be (0j)
print(complex("10")) #output will be (10+0j)
print(complex("10.5")) #output
will be (10.5+0j)
print(complex("ten"))
print(complex("ten"))
ValueError: complex() arg
is a malformed string
Form-2:
complex(x,y)==>x+yj
print(complex(10,20)) #output will be (10+20j)
print(complex(True,False)) #output will be (1+0j)
print(complex(10,20.5)) #output will be (10+20.5j)
print(complex("10","12"))
print(complex("10","12"))
TypeError: complex()
can't take second arg if first is a string
bool():
§ By
using this function, we can convert values from other types to bool.
|- For int arguments
|- For non-zero value it returns
True.
|- For zero value it returns
False.
print(bool(0)) #output will be False
print(bool(1)) #output will be True
print(bool("10")) #output will be True
|- For float arguments
|- If before decimal and after
decimal is zero then it returns False.
|- If before decimal or after
decimal is non-zero value then it returns True.
print(bool(0.0)) #output will be False
print( bool(0.1)) #output will be True
print(bool(0.01)) #output will be True
print(bool(2.3)) #output will be True
|- For complex arguments
|- If both real and img part is
zero then it will return False.
|- If at least one part is
non-zero then it will return True.
print(bool(0+0j)) #output
will be False
print( bool(0+1j)) #output
will be True
print(bool(0+2.5j)) #output
will be True
print( bool(2.5+0j)) #output
will be True
|- For str arguments
|- arg is empty
string==>"==>False
|- arg is non-empty==> True
print(bool('')) #output will be False
print(bool('python')) #output
will be True
print( bool(' ')) #output will
be True
str():-
|- is Used To convert any
types to str types.
print(str(100)) #output
will be 100
print(str(2.6)) #output
will be 2.6
print(str(True)) #output
will be True
print(str(False)) #output will be False
print(str(10+20j)) #output will
be 10+20j
ord(character):-
§
By
using ord() method we can converts any character to a numeric value. This
method takes only one length string.
# converting
character to integer
c = ord('a')
print ("After
converting character to integer : ",end="")
print (c)
output:
After converting character to
integer : 97
# converting
character to integer
c = ord('abc')
print ("After
converting character to integer : ",end="")
print (c)
c = ord('abc')
TypeError: ord() expected
a character, but string of length 3 found
chr(number):-
§ By using chr(number) method we can convert number to
its corresponding ASCII character.
# converting integer to character
c = chr(65)
print ("After converting integer to character : ",end="")
print (c)
# converting integer to character
c = chr(100)
print ("After converting integer to character : ",end="")
print (c)
# converting integer to character
c = chr(55)
print ("After converting integer to character : ",end="")
print (c)
output:
After converting integer to character : A
After converting integer to character : d
After converting integer to character : 7
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